The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genito-Urinary Group phase

II trial 3099310 evaluated the possible synergistic effect of alkylating MMC and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) after the TUR procedure for patients with NMIBC plus CIS. The results showed that both treatment groups (MMC + BCG vs BCG alone) had almost CH5424802 nmr equivalent complete response rates (75.6% vs 73.8%) and outcome. Therefore, it can be concluded that sequential chemo-immunotherapy with MMC + BCG does not show any synergistic effects. It has been reported Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical that the risk of progression to muscle-invasive disease is increased in T1G3 lesions.11 Urdaneta and colleagues12 presented data on the location of T1G3 tumors in early and late recurrences, compared with and without BCG instillation. They demonstrated a clear difference in recurrence rate in 2 Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical groups of patients treated with (group 2, 43.8%) or without (group 1, 66.7%) BCG. Within this study, no patient underwent re-TUR and the overall recurrence rate at the same site of the previous TUR was 8.6%. Furthermore, urologists should particularly focus on the same site of the previous resection (38.2% early vs 8.8% late recurrence rate) in the early postoperative followup. Management of Muscle-Invasive Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Bladder Cancer Radical cystectomy (RC) is the standard of care both for tumors invading the muscularis propria (T2+) and for recurrent high-risk non-muscle-invasive

lesions (Ta, T1) failing intravesical therapy.13

Brausi Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and colleagues14 introduced a modified operation technique, which appears to be beneficial in elderly and frail patients. The so-called “mini-invasive anatomical extraperitoneal RC” requires only a small subumbilical skin incision of 7 to 8 cm. The complete procedure is done extraperitoneally and in a retrograde fashion. In comparison with Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the standard transperitoneal approach, superior results regarding mortality (0%), mean blood loss (423 cc), reoperation rate (0/90), local recurrence (2% during mean follow-up of 30.2 months), and mean hospital stay (16 days) were reported in this study. Burger and associates15 assayed the value of a complete histopathological processing of cystoprostatectomy specimen in the detection of incidental PCa. By comparing 2 different methods of processing the prostate without any suspicion to PCa, it could be demonstrated that the either entire processing of the prostate reveals significant information. Overall detection rate in the thorough-processing group was 40%, compared with 17% in the standard-processing group. Furthermore, tumor stage ≥ pT2b (P = .06), Gleason score (GS) grade ≥ 7 (P = .036), and positive surgical margins (P = .01) were detected more accurately. This information is needed to individualize follow-up strategies, especially in younger patients. Distal ureteric malignancy among patients who underwent RC is known to lead to an unfavorable prognosis.