Summary of Background Data. Studies have documented differences in pelvis and trunk coordination between those with moderate to severe LBP during walking. Few studies document pelvis and trunk mechanics in those with low to moderate LBP and individuals who recover from LBP even though these individuals comprise 80% of LBP cases and are at increased risk for re-injury.
Methods. Recreational
runners walked and ran on a treadmill at speeds including 0.8 to 3.8 m/s at 0.5 m/s increments. Pelvis and trunk kinematic data were collected during the last 20 s of each stage. Coordination analysis quantified the portion of gait cycle each group spent in trunk only motion, pelvis-only motion, in-phase, and antiphase relationships.
Results. During walking, KPT-8602 Transmembrane Transporters inhibitor FK228 mouse the LBP group spent more of the gait cycle in-phase in the frontal plane (P = 0.030). During running, the LBP group showed greater pelvis axial rotation than the control group (P = 0.014) and spent more of the gait cycle in-phase in the transverse plane (P = 0.019). Also during running, the LBP (P = 0.035) and the resolved LBP (P = 0.037) groups demonstrated reduced antiphase coordination compared to controls.
Conclusion. Coordination analysis demonstrates a reduction in relative motion
between the pelvis and trunk despite low disability levels in our LBP group and no pain in our group with a history of LBP.”
“A recent measure of ‘integrated information’, Phi(DM), quantifies the extent to which a system generates more information
than the sum of its parts as it transitions between states, possibly reflecting levels of consciousness generated by neural systems. However, Phi(DM) is defined only for discrete Markov systems, which are unusual in biology; as a result, Phi(DM) can rarely be measured in practice. Here, selleck screening library we describe two new measures, Phi(E) and Phi(AR), that overcome these limitations and are easy to apply to time-series data. We use simulations to demonstrate the in-practice applicability of our measures, and to explore their properties. Our results provide new opportunities for examining information integration in real and model systems and carry implications for relations between integrated information, consciousness, and other neurocognitive processes. However, our findings pose challenges for theories that ascribe physical meaning to the measured quantities.”
“Aims: To report the implementation of cardiovascular secondary prevention guidelines following a cardiovascular event in Italy.
Methods and results: Data were collected from 878 consecutive patients, who had suffered a cardiovascular event requiring hospitalisation in the preceding 12-24 months and who presented at 49 outpatient clinics across Italy.