subtilis and other bacillus was described Temsirolimus as being induced in the presence of glucose, as a result of its participation in the glycolitic pathway

[33]. The opposite response for gapA in E. coli may be a consequence of its participation in gluconegenesis [13]. Very little is known about the regulation of mutS in E. coli and B. subtilis. This gene has been described as a DNA repair protein in the context of both bacteria [34]. Something similar happens to psrA in B subtilis, also known as ppiC in E. coli; where both enzymes function as molecular chaperones. It has been reported that prsA is essential for the stability of secreted proteins at certain stages, following translocation across the membrane [35]. Finally, the results observed for the genes sdhA (succinate deshydrogenase en B. subtilis) and frdA (fumarate reductase in E. coli) are quite interesting. Apparently, the functions of these two enzymes seem to be different; the succinate dehydrogenases of aerobic selleck kinase inhibitor bacteria catalyze the oxidation of succinate by respiratory quinones (succinate:quinone reductase), and the quinols are reoxidized by O2 (succinate oxidase) [36]. In the case of B. subtilis; for some time it was thought

that this enzyme has only this function, but in a recent report, the authors demonstrated that resting cells are able to catalyze fumarate reduction, with see more glucose or glycerol. The enzymatic system for fumarate reduction in B. subtilis was shown to be an electron transport chain, comprising a NADH dehydrogenase, menaquinone and succinate dehydrogenase [36]. Therefore, this enzyme is able to modify its function depending on the growth condition and energetic State of the

cell. Figure 3 Comparison of the significantly induced orrepressed orthologous genes Paclitaxel mouse in E. coli and B. subtilis. The figure illustrates a cluster of orthologous genes, comparing B subtilis (column 1) and E. coli (column 2) transcribed levels, as they respond to glucose. Induced genes are represented in red and repressed genes are represented in green. Gene names and functional class are indicated on the right hand side. Figure 3 presents a set of genes shared by both bacteria that in addition to being orthologous display similar expression patters. Twenty of these are ribosomal genes, induced by the presence of glucose. Another seven genes are involved in the synthesis of macromolecules and a further 14 belong to cellular anabolism and catabolism of carbohydrates as well as central intermediary metabolism. Five of these are related to protective functions, four are classified as transporters and one gene encodes a protein, related to cell division. The comparison between orthologous genes, differentially expressed in LB+G vs LB reveals a very small set of genes, common to both organisms. This correlates well with other works [27, 28] that attribute this result to the great phylogenetic distance between these organisms.