Sixty-seven published reports were identified that examined prospective associations with incident or recurrent CHD. Results: In general, evidence suggests

that depression, anxiety disorders, anger suppression, and stress associated with relationships or family responsibilities are associated with elevated CHD selleck inhibitor risk among women, that supportive social relationships and positive psychological factors may be associated with reduced risk, and that general anxiety, hostility, and work-related stress are less consistently associated with CHD among women relative to men. Conclusions: A growing literature supports the significance of psychosocial factors for the development of CHD among women. Consideration of both traditional psychosocial factors (e.g., depression) and factors that may be especially important for women (e.g., stress associated with responsibilities at home or multiple roles) may improve identification

of women at elevated risk as well as the development of effective psychological interventions for women with or at risk for CHD.”
“BackgroundTo reduce the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely-low-birth-weight infants, clinicians attempt to minimize the use CBL0137 cell line of endotracheal intubation by the early introduction of less invasive forms of positive airway pressure.

MethodsWe randomly assigned 1009 infants with a birth weight of less than 1000 g and a gestational age of less than 30 weeks to one of two forms of noninvasive respiratory support nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) or nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) at the time of the first use of noninvasive respiratory support during the first 28 days of life. The primary outcome was death before 36 weeks

of postmenstrual age or survival with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

ResultsOf the 497 infants assigned to nasal IPPV for whom adequate data were available, 191 died or survived with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (38.4%), as compared with 180 of 490 infants assigned to nasal CPAP (36.7%) (adjusted odds ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.83 to 1.43; P=0.56). The frequencies of air leaks and necrotizing enterocolitis, the Endodeoxyribonuclease duration of respiratory support, and the time to full feedings did not differ significantly between treatment groups.

ConclusionsAmong extremely-low-birth-weight infants, the rate of survival to 36 weeks of postmenstrual age without bronchopulmonary dysplasia did not differ significantly after noninvasive respiratory support with nasal IPPV as compared with nasal CPAP. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; NIPPV ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00433212; Controlled-Trials.com number, ISRCTN15233270.