Our studies revealed that responses to linear epitopes of MOG following immunization with recombinant MOG were absent in peptide-immunized animals. Moreover, the use of peptides to the full sequence revealed novel epitopes for antibody responses. These findings are relevant to study aspects that control disease progression

and to test tolerogenic therapeutic regimens in H-2b mice. In addition, they reveal information of the relevance of B-cell populations that will be key to understanding the mechanisms by which these B-cell populations could contribute to disease. Despite the reports that MOG transcripts are expressed in lymphoid organs, both MOG-deficient and WT mice show similar T-cell and B-cell responses against the extracellular RG7204 price domain of MOG, including the immunodominant MOG35–55 T-cell epitope. Also, no differences in the fine specificity of the T-cell responses

to overlapping peptides covering the complete mouse MOG sequence were observed between MOG+/+ and MOG−/− mice. As Doxorubicin cell line we have reported previously,[9] this lack of immune tolerance to MOG in WT C57BL/6 mice may be responsible for the high pathogenicity of the anti-MOG immune response as well as the high susceptibility of most animal strains to MOG-induced EAE. In CNS myelin MOG comprises 2·5% of the total myelin proteins[4] compared with proteolipid protein, which represents about 50% of the total myelin protein. Despite the relatively low levels of protein, MOG is a major target of the immune responses that lead to chronic demyelinating disease in mice, rats and marmosets.[4, 5] The pathogenic properties of MOG, particularly induction of demyelination, are commonly associated with antibody responses to Amoxicillin the extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain making MOG a readily accessible target of the immune attack on compact myelinated axons.[17, 18] Many EAE studies make use of recombinant MOG proteins corresponding to residues 1–125 of hMOG or 1–116 of mMOG to understand

the role of antibodies to conformational epitopes in disease.[2, 4, 8, 19] As well as being a target for pathogenic antibodies, the immunoglobulin-like domain contains the promiscuous peptide residue MOG35–55, which is encephalitogenic in several mouse strains including C57BL/6 (H-2b), Biozzi ABH (H-2dq1), NOD(H-2g7) and PL/J (H-2u) mice, as well as in outbred monkeys.[3, 10, 20, 21] This promiscuous peptide also contains an epitope for induction of disease in Lewis rats[6] and MOG35–55 is also pathogenic in HLA-DR2 transgenic mice, providing a strong rationale for its potential pathogenic effect in humans.[22] However, in MS patients the T-cell responses and epitope specificity of the human B-cell response to MOG is not only heterogeneous, but may also be restricted to a subset of patients.