Genes differentially acetylated for H4K5 are associated with fear memory in the hippocampus The high percentage of genes with above average H4K5ac in both FC and controls suggest that this modification Bosutinib clinical is important and that it is subject to tight regulation in the context of transcription dependent memory formation. Using a criteria based approach, we found that 15% of genes were uniquely acetylated for H4K5 with CFC, however, this did not account for differentially acetylated genes. We also found that H4K5ac correlates to global gene expression levels. Thus, to identify specific genes induced Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries by learning and increased H4K5ac levels in the hippocampus, we used a top down approach rather than identifying specific genes activated by learning through differential gene expression, we identified highly expressed genes Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries through differential acetylation of H4K5 in FC compared to controls.

We used a peak calling algo rithm to scan the genome at 300 bp intervals for differen tially acetylated regions between FC and controls. Using model based Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries analysis of ChIP Seq, we obtained consensus coverage of H4K5ac enriched regions across the mouse genome. Out of 20,238 peaks identified for H4K5ac in FC by MACS, 708 peaks were found ?4000 to ?2000 bp relative to the TSS, 3,370 peaks were found in the promoter, and 1,340 peaks were found in the CDS. Of these, we identified 241 regions significantly acetylated for H4K5 in FC, 115 of which were associated with gene bodies representing 114 unique genes, and 126 within intergenic regions.

To validate the results obtained with MACS, we re peated the analysis with three other published algo rithms for ChIP Seq analysis, including SICER, EpiChip, and Genomatix NGS analyzer. We performed Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries a cross wise com parison of genes identified with the algorithms to genes identified using pre defined criteria, including genes with more than 50 reads in the promoter, previously defined as above average, or genes with more than 50 reads in the promoter with CFC Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries but 40 reads or less in controls, analogous to algorithm based differential acetylation. Of all genes identified by MACS, approximately 70% overlapped with SICER, the other most widely used algorithm for differential peak finding. Thus, we considered the genes identified by MACS as a reliable and representative gene set to evalu ate further.

Genes differentially acetylated for H4K5 in FC are associated with memory processes Gene ontology analysis of the 114 unique MACS derived genes in FC identified genes enriched for structural and neuronal components including synapses, the postsynaptic density, and axons, in addition to genes involved in func tional processes such as synapse assembly and organization, Lenalidomide ion transport, calcium signaling, neuromuscular and neuro logical system processes. From interaction maps, we also found that genes in pathways involved in calcium, mTOR, Erbb signaling, and Alzheimers disease were significantly enriched.