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“Patients with primary and secondary chronic glomerular diseases are at significant risk for progression to end-stage renal disease. Unfortunately the treatment
armamentarium is relatively limited in terms both of available agents and of specificity. Experimental evidence supports the idea that heparin-derived agents and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) favorably affect primary and secondary renal diseases. While a number of clinical exploratory studies have addressed the effect of these agents in microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric diabetic patients, very few this website have investigated their activity in nondiabetic renal conditions. This paper will review the experimental and clinical evidence on the use of GAGs in renal disease other than LY2835219 in vivo diabetic nephropathy, following
the reports of experimental findings supporting their use and the possible mechanisms involved: anticoagulant and antiproliferative activity, effect on growth factors (PDGF, FGF2 and TGF-beta 1), inhibition of heparanase, macrophage renal infiltration and of the renin-angiotensin system, and decrease in proteinuria. Targeting these pathogenic loops with GAG treatment might be revealed to be very rewarding from a clinical point of view. Prospective randomized controlled trials with large case populations and definite Liproxstatin-1 entry criteria are clearly indicated.”
“Objective: To describe a novel approach for removal of selected congenital cholesteatomas.
Methods: Description of technique and retrospective review of charts for patients undergoing procedure from January 1 to June 1, 2011. Two patients with
congenital cholesteatomas localized to the middle ear necessitating transcanal surgical removal were identified. Using a transcanal approach, the “”pie-slice”" tympanic membrane flap was developed by incising the tympanic membrane anterior to the malleus, from the lateral process to the umbo. A second incision was then made anteriorly along an axis extending from the umbo to the 3-o’clock position for the right ear (9-o’clock in the left ear). The flap was elevated allowing for visualization and access to the lesion anterior to the malleus. The cholesteatoma was removed. Otoendoscopes were used to visualize the middle ear and ensure complete removal. The tympanic membrane was repaired with a tragal perichondrium graft placed medial to the edges of the elevated pie-slice flap. The flap was then replaced laterally.
Results: Tympanic membranes are well healed in both patients after one year of follow-up with no evidence of disease and good hearing results.