(C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Object. Liver cirrhosis was identified as an
independent predictor of poor outcomes in patients suffering trauma and in those undergoing major surgeries. The aim of this study was to report the authors’ experiences treating patients with cirrhosis who undergo brain surgeries.\n\nMethods. Between 2004 and 2009, 121 consecutive patients with cirrhosis underwent 144 brain procedures. Patients were categorized as Child-Turcotte-Pugh (referred to as “Child”) Class A, B, or C. The patient profiles, including the severity of cirrhosis, reason for surgery, complications, and prognosis factors, were analyzed.\n\nResults. In this retrospective study, the overall surgical complication rate for patients with cirrhosis was 52.1% and the mortality rate was 24.3%. For patients with acute traumatic brain injury (TB!), the complication, rebleeding, and mortality rates reached 84.4%,
68.8%, A-769662 in vitro and 37.5%, respectively. Surgery for TBI was a significant risk factor for postoperative complications (p = 0.0002) and postoperative hemorrhage (p < 0.0001). Otherwise, according to the Child classification, the complication rate increased in a stepwise fashion from 38.7% to 60% to 84.2%, the rebleeding rate from 29.3% to 48.0% to 63.2%, and the mortality rate from 5.3% to 38% to 63.2% for Child A, B, and C, respectively. The Child classification was associated with higher risk of complications-Child B vs A OR 2.84(95% CI 1.28-6.29), Child C selleck chemicals vs A OR 5.39 (95% CI 1.32-22.02). It was also associated buy GSK923295 with risk of death-Child C vs A OR 30.43 (95% CI 7.71-120.02), Child B vs A OR 10.88(95% CI 3.42-34.63).\n\nConclusions. Liver cirrhosis is a poor comorbidity factor for brain surgery. The authors’ results suggest that the Child classification used independently is a poor prognostic factor; in addition, grave outcomes were observed in patients with TBI. (http://thejns.org/doi/abs/10.3171/2012.4.JNS111338)”
“A hairpin dodecamer DNA motif with a dangling end composed of four bases was studied in order to find conditions which promote
a dumbbell structure as the sole form in solution. It could be used as a model of a DNA duplex with two nicks on opposite strands, mimicking a target for topo II poisons. We have established two alternative means of obtaining a dumbbell in solution as the only form present at 0 degrees C. The first one is to use a relatively high concentration of a hairpin motif, ca. 3.5 mM, at low ionic strength, and second is to use a moderate hairpin motif concentration of ca. 2 mM at high ionic strength, 200 mM and 15% of methanol. An NMR-derived structure in a buffered water solution is presented. A representative structure ensemble of 10 structures was obtained from MD calculations utilizing the AMBER protocol and using NOESY-derived experiment cross peak volumes transferred to experimental restraints by the MARDIGRAS algorithm.