Although several consistent genetic variants were identified the

Although several consistent genetic variants were identified the successes are limited. This review has a focus on studies published until mid 2011 and on data presented at the Osteoarthritis

Research Society International 2011 (OARS!) in San Diego and that aim to elucidate the primary molecular and cellular events commencing OA onset in humans by applying genetic study designs. (C) 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND: The ability of the fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and Phanerochaete chrysosporium to decolourize and detoxify 11 (mono-, dis-, poly-azo, and anthraquinonic type) dyes, widely used across the textile and leather industries, was tested.

RESULTS: Different substrate specificities were revealed between

P5091 P. ostreatus and P. chrysosporium in decolourization experiments. The latter fungus provided almost complete decolourization of the tested azo dyes up to 600 ppm and dis-azo dyes up to 1000 ppm, and 80% decolourization of the tris-azo dye DBU1L38 at 1000 ppm, after 6 days. P. ostreatus provided almost total decolourization of the Cl-amidine concentration anthraquinone type dye ABU62 (1000 ppm) after just 1 day. P. ostreatus also showed the ability to decolourize the tested dis-azo and tris-azo dyes, giving the best performances against the dis-azo DBU1U1 (600 ppm) dye, which was 100% decolourized after 6 days. Laccases proved to be the main enzymatic activities acting in P. ostreatus decolourization.

CONCLUSION: The potential of the fungi P. ostreatus and P. chrysosporium as efficient bio-systems for decolourization and detoxification of several toxic industrial dyes was demonstrated. PD173074 The role of laccases in the decolourization of dis-azo dyes by P. ostreatus was demonstrated for the first time. (C) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and surgery

is the only proven long-term treatment. The two most commonly performed bariatric procedures are laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). There are advocates of both procedures but LAGB is associated with potentially high failure rates and may require conversion to an alternative procedure.

This study reports our unit results for failed LAGB converted to LRYGB and compares them to primary LRYGB patients. All patients undergoing revisional LRYGB from July 2006 to December 2011 were included in the study. Comparisons were made to patients undergoing primary LRYGB over the same time period for post-operative weight loss, complications and length of stay.

Of the patients, 722 were analysed of which 55 underwent revisional surgery. There was no statistical difference in percentage of excess weight loss at 6 months, 1 year or 2 years following surgery between the primary and revisional surgery cohorts (54.5, 63.7, 65.2 vs 51.6, 59.5, 59.4, p = NS). There was no difference in morbidity, mortality or length of stay between the two groups.

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