All samples were tested for the presence of anti-HEV IgM and IgG (Wantai). In the serologic positive GBS patients, serum/EDTA plasma, available stool and cerebrospinal fluid samples were tested

for HEVRNA (quantitative real-time PCR). HEV-ORF1 sequences were used for genotyping. check details An increased ratio of anti-HEV IgM antibodies was found in 10 GBS patients (5%) compared to 1 healthy control (0.5%) (O R 10.5, CI 1.3-82.5; p = 0.010). HEV RNA was detected in serum from 3 of these patients and additionally in faeces from 1 patient. HEV-ORF1 phylogenetic analysis characterised two samples as non related genotype 3 strains. 70% of anti-HEV IgM positive patients had mildly increased ALT (median 70 IU/L), range 26-921). All CSF samples were negative for HEV RNA, excluding an infectious polyradiculoneuropathy. The presence of anti-HEV IgM in GBS patients was not related to age, gender, disease severity or out-come after 6 months. IgM anti-ganglioside GM1 antibodies were detected in one anti-HEV IgM positive patient. Anti-HEV IgG was demonstrated in 92 (46%) patients compared to 77 (38%) healthy controls (O R 1.4, CI 0.9-2.0; p=0.130). selleck Patients

with anti-HEV IgG antibodies were older (median age 60, IQR 44-69) than patients without these antibodies (median age 44, IQR 30-59) (p<0.001) and initially more severely affected (higher GBS disability score at entry) (p=0.003). This study indicates that HEV may be a new type of infection preceding GBS. In the Netherlands, 5% of patients with GBS have associated acute hepatitis E. Further research is required to determine by what mechanism HEV may trigger GBS and (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate if HEV infections also precede

the onset of GBS in other geographical areas. Disclosures: Suzan D. Pas – Grant/Research Support: the Virgo consortium, funded by the Dutch government (FES0908), the Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI) project number 050-060-452, the European Community Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under project EMPERIE (grant agreement no. 223498) Harry Dalton – Consulting: GSK, Wantai, Aptalis; Speaking and Teaching: Merck The following people have nothing to disclose: Bianca van den Berg, Richie G. Madden, Jeremy G. Hunter, Anne P. Tio-Gillen, Annemiek A. van der Eijk, Bart C. Jacobs “
“Aim:  miRNAs have been found to regulate gene expression at a posttranscriptional level in cells. Studies have shown that expression of miRNAs is tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific. The mechanism behind this could be explained by miRNA pathways. Methods:  We introduce the identification of miRNAs from two human fetal liver cDNA libraries by a cloning protocol. The miRNAs detected were then analyzed in a chorionic villus tissue and four liver tissues using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results:  After sequencing and database searching, a total of 42 miRNAs in two fetal livers were detected.