A structure analysis by means of finite element method shows that complete unidirectionality can be reached. First
experimental results are given. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3651617]“
“Background: Both orosensory stimulation and feedback from the gastrointestinal tract contribute to energy intake regulation.
Objective: We evaluated the hypothesis that overweight or obese subjects would be less sensitive to both oral and intraduodenal oleic acid exposure than would lean subjects.
Design: Eleven overweight or obese and 8 lean men were studied on 2 occasions, during which antropyloroduodenal pressures, plasma cholecystokinin and peptide YY, and appetite were measured during 90-min intraduodenal infusions of saline or oleic acid (18: 1 load: 0.78 kcal/min);
INCB028050 energy intake (buffet lunch) was determined immediately afterward. Oral detection thresholds for 18: 1 and recent dietary intake (2-d recall) were also quantified.
Results: this website In lean subjects, the number of isolated pyloric pressure waves (IPPWs) was greater during 18: 1 infusion than during saline infusion (P < 0.05); no significant differences were observed between the 18: 1 and saline infusions in the overweight or obese subjects. In both groups, 18: 1 stimulated plasma cholecystokinin and peptide YY and suppressed energy intake compared with saline (P < 0.05), with trends for reduced cholecystokinin and energy intake responses in the overweight or obese subjects. Detection thresholds for 18: 1 were greater in overweight or obese (7.9 +/- 0.1 mmol/L) than in lean (4.1 +/- 0.4 mmol/L) subjects (P < 0.05). Overweight or obese subjects had greater recent energy (P < 0.05) and fat (P = 0.07) intakes than did lean subjects. There was a direct relation (r = 0.669) of body mass index with 18: 1 detection thresholds and inverse relations (r < -0.51) of IPPWs with body mass index and 18: 1 detection thresholds (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: The ability to detect
oleic acid both orally and within BEZ235 mw the gastrointestinal tract is compromised in obese men, and oral and gastrointestinal responses to oleic acid are related. This trial was registered at www.actr.org.au (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry) as 12609000557235. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93:703-11.”
“Antibody-mediated hyperacute rejection was the first rejection phenotype observed in human organ transplants. This devastating phenotype was eliminated by reliable crossmatch technologies. Since then, the focus was on T-cell-mediated rejection and de novo donor-specific antibodies were considered an epiphenomenon of cognate T-cell activation. The immune theory was that controlling the T-cell response would entail elimination of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). With modern immunosuppressive drugs, T-cell-mediated rejection is essentially treatable.