[5] There is limited information about the etiopathogenesis of Peyronie’s disease. It usually involves sexually active young males. Recurrent traumas initiate local autoimmune reaction in the penile tissue in genetically susceptible subjects. Consequently, abnormal fibrous tissue proliferation occurs. Recently, Casabe et al. demonstrated that erectile dysfunction and coital trauma are independent risk factors for the development of Peyronie’s disease.[6] Another study detected impaired composition of tissue Selleck Y27632 proteins (e.g.,

decorin, fibromodulin, gelatinase A, collagenase 2) and abnormal remodeling in tunica albuginea and attributed these changes to microtrauma.[7] A likely relation between connective tissue diseases and PD is still a research subject. First in 1879, Paget attracted attention to the relation between Peyronie’s disease and Dupuytren’s contracture. Chilton et al. examined

Panobinostat the etiologies of 408 Peyronie’s disease cases and found no relation between Peyronie’s disease and connective tissue diseases and drug use.[8] In the literature, coexistence of scleroderma with Peyronie’s disease has been reported as case reports; there is no prospective study on this subject.[9] In male scleroderma patients, impotence was thought to have resulted from Peyronie’s disease as well as vascular causes. Again, Peyronie’s disease has been reported in two patients that have been receiving methotrexate (MTX) for rheumatoid arthritis; it was observed that patients’ complaints have disappeared after discontinuation of the drug.[10] Sexual dysfunction and impotence due to Peyronie’s disease have been considered Glutamate dehydrogenase among the side effects of MTX. How MTX, which is known as an effective therapy option in certain fibrotic diseases (e.g. scleroderma, lung fibrosis), causes Peyronie’s disease has

not been understood and has been considered as a paradox. The present patient case is the first in the literature to report the coexistence of primary SS with Peyronie’s disease. Primary SS is a chronic autoimmune epithelitis, which may result in infiltration and fibrosis of all exocrine glands. In addition to musculoskeletal system involvement, it may cause extra-articular involvement. It is a connective tissue disease, which may cause not only inflammation but also fibrosis in the involved organs (lung, liver, exocrine glands). Plaque and scar formation due to connective tissue proliferation in tunica albuginea, which is seen in Peyronie’s disease, raises the thought that Peyronie’s disease might be a localized involvement of SS. However, this might be a shared etiopathogenesis and/or just a coincidence. Because of the limited number of studies, the question whether Peyronie’s disease is a local fibrotic disease or a part of a systemic connective tissue disease (e.g. scleroderma, SS) continues to be understood. Multicenter studies aimed at the etiopathogenesis of both diseases are needed.