, 2004). Stroeve and Nolin (2002b) developed two different methods to derive the snow albedo over the GIS: one util
Hurricane Gonu was a Category 5 tropical storm, according selleck catalog to the Saffir-Simpson scale, which occurred selleck chemicals llc over the northern Arabian Sea during June 2007. This was an unprecedented event because no cyclones of this strength had ever reached the Gulf of Oman before. It was reported that the cyclone caused about $4 billion in damage and over 50 deaths in Oman alone, where Hurricane Gonu was considered the nation’s worst natural disaster in 2007. Hurricanes and typhoons are violent weather events originated over tropical oceans, which may cause catastrophic results when passing over land or ports. They can also impact marine ecosystem.
Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Phytoplankton blooms and increasing primary productions triggered by hurricanes and typhoons have been reported and attributed to Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries nutrient-rich water supply from beneath the euphotic zones through enhanced ocean mixing and upwelling Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries [1-5]. Due Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries to strong wind stress curls and large wind speeds during their passages, tropical storms can produce strong upwelling, inertial resonance, and deep mixed layer, which induce phytoplankton blooms and other significant ocean responses [3-7]. Recent studies showed that hurricanes can also induce re-suspension of sediments through entrainment and upwelling as well as complex dynamic interactions such as excitation of internal waves or hurricane-mesoscale feedbacks in the eastern Gulf of Mexico and its coastal regions Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries [3, 5].
Due to transient and violent characteristics of tropical storms, ship-borne Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries observations are difficult and dangerous.
Satellite remote sensing thus provides an effective means to measure cyclone-induced phytoplankton variations over a large domain at frequent intervals. Although good-quality chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) images are hard to obtain during a hurricane because the remote sensor is typically obscured by heavy clouds Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries and fogs, it is possible to obtain some useful ocean-color images from Merged Aqua/SeaWiFS shortly after a hurricane.The northern Arabian Sea Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries (Figure 1) with an average depth of 2,700 m is strongly influenced by the seasonally reversed Indian monsoon system, which results in large seasonal variations in the upper-ocean circulation, sea surface temperature (SST), mesoscale Anacetrapib eddies, mixed layer depth and heat budget [8-9].
Most of the offshore upper Arabian Sea corresponds to oligotrophic/mesotrophic Dacomitinib sellckchem tropical regions with low phytoplankton biomass [10]. In summer, strong southwestly (SW) winds blow across Glioma the Arabian Sea; in winter, the northeastly (NE) winds prevail. During the SW monsoon season, coastal upwelling occurs near the coast in the northwest Arabian Sea and open-ocean upwelling occurs off Oman and Somali [8-11].