05) reduced in group 2 compared to control. But co-administration of ��-tocopherol with chromium exposure (group 3) showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase Olaparib manufacturer in weights as compared to group 2 [Figure 1]. Figure 1 Photomicrograph of Mean weights of different groups of rats Vaginal smear examination of group I rats revealed normal cyclicity with 4 to 5 days of estrus cycle with appropriate duration of all four phases. Group II animals showed prolongation of diestrus phase with slight reduction of proestrus and metestrus phase. Co-administration of ��-tocopherol along with chromium showed normal estrus cycle phases that were comparable to control [Table 1]. Table 1 Effect of ��-tocopherol on frequency of estrus cycle In Cr toxic group, the peroxidation markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyls in ovaries were significantly (P < 0.
05) increased and the levels of anti-oxidants such as SOD and reduced GSH were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced compared with control. Co-administration of ��-tocopherol significantly (P < 0.05) reversed the above values [Table 2]. Table 2 Effect of ��-tocopherol on antioxidant defenses and peroxidation biomarkers in ovarian homogenates The functional marker of ovaries viz total cholesterol was significantly (P < 0.05) increased when compared to control. The functional markers of liver in serum such as total protein were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased, while the ALT levels were significantly (P < 0.05) increased following Cr administration. Kidney functional markers such as serum creatinine and BUN were also significantly (P < 0.
05) increased compared to those of control group. The above altered functional markers were significantly (P < 0.05) reversed with co-administration of ��-tocopherol [Table 3]. Table 3 Effect of ��-tocopherol on functional markers of rats Uterus of chromium-treated group showed atrophy of endometrial glands, fibrous tissue proliferation [Figure 2] and hyperplasia of uterine epithelium [Figure 3]. Ovarian sections from group 2 revealed severe congestion, degeneration of follicles. In addition, cystic follicles were seen in large numbers [Figure 4]. Ultrastructural changes like distorted nucleus, swollen and elongated mitochondria, altered epithelial size and shape were also noticed in group 2 rats [Figure 5].
Recovery from histological injury was observed in ��-tocopherol co-administered rats, with mild cloudy swelling in uterus [Figure 6] and congestion in ovaries [Figure 7]. Carfilzomib Ultrastructurally, no changes were noticed in group 3 rats [Figure 8]. In group 4, treatment with ��-tocopherol alone, revealed normal architecture of uterus [Figure 9] and ovaries [Figures [Figures1010�C11]. Figure 2 Photomicrograph of uterus showing marked atrophy of endometrial glands and fibrous tissue proliferation H and E ��200 (Group 2) Figure 3 Photomicrograph of uterus showing hyperplasia of uterine epithelium.